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As aging has been shown to have a more pronounced effect on the modularity of association cortex modules compared with sensory-motor modules [ 9], we also examined the differential contribution of the modularity of these sub-networks to predicting cognitive gains in older adults. As described previously, the whole-brain modularity metric is computed as the sum of the modularity values for each module [ 4]. Using the Power et al. (2011) module assignments, we computed the baseline modularity of each sub-network, or module. We then classified these modules as ‘sensory-motor’ or ‘association cortex’ according to the groupings described in Chan et al. (2014). Specifically, sensory-motor modules included the auditory, somatomotor (hand and mouth), and visual modules; association cortex modules included the cingulo-opercular, default mode, dorsal attention, fronto-parietal, salience, and ventral attention modules. To compute average baseline sensory-motor and association cortex modularity, we averaged the modularity values over the sub-networks, or modules, in each group. Leo Burnett Worldwide, an advertising agency, created the elves in 1968, calling the bakery "The Hollow Tree Factory." [17] a b c "Keebler Brilliant Marketing Pte Ltd Keebler". Brilliant-marketing.com. Archived from the original on April 2, 2010 . Retrieved April 9, 2010.

For patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators, 49% of those receiving dialysis and 17.7% of those not receiving dialysis died (RR 2.67, 95% CI 1.68 to 4.25; seven studies; random-effects model). There was evidence of statistical heterogeneity (I 2=76.4%). Knowledge was assessed by 3 separate instruments administered via telephone interview, including an 8‐item measure assessing knowledge concerning methotrexate (which is often first‐line therapy for RA) ( 36), a 20‐item measure assessing knowledge concerning biologic treatment options ( 35), and an 8‐item measure assessing knowledge of RA and RA treatment options more generally ( 37). Correct answers were summed across all 3 measures and transformed to a 100‐point scale, reflecting the percentage of questions answered correctly. Bherer L. Cognitive plasticity in older adults: effects of cognitive training and physical exercise. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2015;1337: 1–6. pmid:25773610 Cohen J, Cohen P, West SG, Aiken LS. Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ; 2003.Behzadi Y, Restom K, Liau J, Liu TT. A component based noise correction method (CompCor) for BOLD and perfusion based fMRI. NeuroImage. 2007;37: 90–101. pmid:17560126 Engvig A, Fjell AM, Westlye LT, Moberget T, Sundseth Ø, Larsen VA, et al. Memory training impacts short-term changes in aging white matter: A Longitudinal Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study. Hum Brain Mapp. 2012;33: 2390–2406. pmid:21823209 Lustig C, Shah P, Seidler R, Reuter-Lorenz PA. Aging, Training, and the Brain: A Review and Future Directions. Neuropsychol Rev. 2009;19: 504–522. pmid:19876740 Cao W, Cao X, Hou C, Li T, Cheng Y, Jiang L, et al. Effects of Cognitive Training on Resting-State Functional Connectivity of Default Mode, Salience, and Central Executive Networks. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. 2016;8: 1–11.

Wen X, Zhang D, Liang B, Zhang R, Wang Z, Wang J, et al. Reconfiguration of the Brain Functional Network Associated with Visual Task Demands. PLoS ONE. 2015;10: e0132518. pmid:26146993

In March 2001, The Keebler Company was acquired by the Kellogg Company. [1] At that time, headquarters were located in Elmhurst, Illinois. [23] Currently, Keebler has manufacturing plants in the United States, Thailand, Indonesia, and Malaysia. [ citation needed] Citation: Gallen CL, Baniqued PL, Chapman SB, Aslan S, Keebler M, Didehbani N, et al. (2016) Modular Brain Network Organization Predicts Response to Cognitive Training in Older Adults. PLoS ONE 11(12):

Despite previous work showing that cognitive training can alter network connectivity in older adults, there has been little focus on identifying baseline neural factors that can predict training-related improvements in cognition. In a study with traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients, we found that brain network organization assessed at baseline predicted training-related cognitive gains. Specifically, individuals with higher baseline brain network modularity showed greater improvements on tests of executive functioning after goal-oriented attention self-regulation training [ 22]. These findings suggest that brain network modularity can be used as a biomarker to guide cognitive interventions as well as provide insight into the neural mechanisms underlying these interventions. However, the utility of brain network modularity as a predictor of training outcomes has not yet been tested in healthy individuals. Satterthwaite TD, Wolf DH, Loughead J, Ruparel K, Elliott MA, Hakonarson H, et al. Impact of in-scanner head motion on multiple measures of functional connectivity: Relevance for studies of neurodevelopment in youth. NeuroImage. 2012;60: 623–632. pmid:22233733

Gallen CL, Turner GR, Adnan A, D'Esposito M. Reconfiguration of brain network architecture to support executive control in aging. Neurobiology of Aging. 2016;44: 42–52. pmid:27318132 Myers L, Sirois MJ. Spearman Correlation Coefficients, Differences between. Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences. John Wiley and Sons, New York; 2006.